The global earthquake phenomenon has become a crucial topic in geological studies and disaster mitigation. Earthquakes occur due to shifts in tectonic plates which can create widespread impacts, both physical and social. In recent years, we have witnessed an increase in the frequency of large earthquakes, forcing us to better understand their impacts and the mitigation measures that can be implemented. Based on World Geological Options data, more than 20,000 earthquakes occur each year, with a small percentage causing significant damage. Places located in subduction zones, such as the Pacific Ring of Fire, experience earthquakes more frequently than other regions. The impact of an earthquake not only damages infrastructure, but also causes loss of life. Research projects show that more than 300,000 people died from earthquakes in the last two decades. The psychological impact is also great. Survivors often experience long-term trauma, leading to mental health problems. Displaced communities often face challenges in rebuilding, requiring attention from governments and international organizations. Earthquake mitigation focuses on various aspects, including better urban planning, improving earthquake-resistant building designs, and public education. Strict implementation of building codes and training for architects is essential. Early detection tools, such as seismographs and movement sensors, can provide warnings before an earthquake occurs, giving people time to evacuate residents to safety. In addition, an effective communication strategy during an earthquake is very important. Fast and accurate information can reduce panic and help rescue. Preparedness training must also be carried out regularly so that people are ready to face disasters. The development of green infrastructure, such as open spaces that can absorb ground shocks, is also part of global earthquake mitigation. Research shows that vegetation can help reduce shock waves. A holistic approach to earthquake mitigation will include strengthening communities, developing technology, and establishing public policies that are responsive to disasters. Investments in research and development of new technologies help identify earthquake patterns. Computer models and earthquake simulations are becoming important tools for estimating impacts and planning better responses. At the global level, collaboration between countries is very necessary. Sharing data and experiences can improve mitigation strategies around the world. Governments, NGOs and academics must work together actively to educate the public about the risks involved and steps that can be taken to reduce the impacts. By better understanding earthquake phenomena, we can reduce the losses incurred and build communities that are more resilient in the face of disasters. This problem requires serious attention, because the impact of earthquakes knows no national borders and can affect millions of people. Building preparedness through education and modern technology is key to reducing the impact of future earthquakes.
